ICMR-NIRTH conducts research on health issues of the tribal populations of the country, including nutritional disorders, common communicable and non-communicable diseases, environmental health problems, etc. Scientists of ICMR-NIRTH regularly help the state health departments in diagnosis, planning, monitoring and evaluation of tribal health and other health developmental programs in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and also in training health functionaries of these states. ICMR-NIRTH works on diseases that are mostly prevalent in tribes, such as malaria, tuberculosis, haemoglobinopathies, hypertension, filariasis, fluorosis, dengue, chikungunya, and zoonotic diseases that are of importance to tribal populations. ICMR-NIRTH also takes up disease outbreak surveillance and research in tribal regions and help the state government to control such situations. Apart from biomedical research, scientists of ICMR-NIRTH regularly provide trainings to state heal professionals on modern techniques for diagnosis and diseases interventions. In addition, research on socio-economic, demographic and cultural aspects of the tribal population also have enabled in defining measures for disease prevention and control.Apart from its presence in Jabalpur, ICMR-NIRTH also has a field unit at Keylong, Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, located at 10,100 feet above mean sea level (MSL) to conduct biomedical and social science research on health issues of the Himalayan tribes.